Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the agreement between prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment, expressed as a κ coefficient. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool the results and test predictors of heterogeneity. Of 450 studies with prospective measures of childhood maltreatment, 16 had paired retrospective data to compute the Cohen κ coefficient.ĭata Extraction and Synthesis Multiple investigators independently extracted data according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Among the selected studies, those with corresponding retrospective measures of maltreatment were identified. Study Selection Studies with prospective measures of childhood maltreatment were first selected. Search terms included child* maltreatment, child* abuse, child* neglect, child bull*, child* trauma, child* advers*, and early life stress combined with prospective* and cohort. Objective To meta-analyze the agreement between prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment.ĭata Sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Sociological Abstracts were searched for peer-reviewed, English-language articles from inception through January 1, 2018. However, this assumption has not been comprehensively tested. Researchers, clinicians, and public health professionals use prospective or retrospective measures interchangeably to assess childhood maltreatment, assuming that the 2 measures identify the same individuals. Importance Childhood maltreatment is associated with mental illness. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography. Meta-regression Showing Moderation of the Agreement Between Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Childhood Maltreatment by Sample Size Sensitivity Analysis Showing Meta-analytic Findings on the Agreement Between Prospective and Retrospective Measures Across Different Types of Childhood MaltreatmentĮFigure 5. Jackknife Sensitivity Analysis for the Meta-analysis of the Cohen κ Agreement Between Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Childhood MaltreatmentĮFigure 4. Funnel Plot for the Meta-analysis of the Cohen κ Agreement Between Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Childhood MaltreatmentĮFigure 3. Prevalence of Childhood Maltreatment Based on 32 Paired Prospective and Retrospective Measures From 15 StudiesĮFigure 2. Description of Variables in Supplement 2 (Dataset of Samples With Prospective Measures of Childhood Maltreatment)ĮFigure 1. Quality Assessment of Studies With Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Childhood MaltreatmentĮTable 5. Summary of the Meta-analyses’ Results on the Prevalence, Overlap, and Agreement Between Prospective and Retrospective Measures Across Different Types of Childhood MaltreatmentĮTable 4. Checklist Summarizing Compliance With PRISMA GuidelinesĮTable 3. Checklist Summarizing Compliance With MOOSE GuidelinesĮTable 2. Study Selection and Sensitivity AnalysisĮTable 1. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis ProtocolĮResults. An individual study by Reuben et al 23 investigated the overlap between groups identified by virtue of prospective or retrospective measures of childhood separation from from parents (due to separation, divorce, death, or removal from home not included in the meta-analysis).ĮMethods. The overlap between the 2 circles (RΩP) shows the proportion of individuals who were prospectively identified as experiencing maltreatment in childhood and retrospectively reported a history of child maltreatment. The dark nonoverlapping section (P-R) shows the proportion of individuals who were prospectively identified as experiencing maltreatment in childhood but did not retrospectively report a history of childhood maltreatment. The light nonoverlapping section (R-P) shows the proportion of individuals who retrospectively reported a history of childhood maltreatment but were not prospectively identified as experiencing maltreatment in childhood. In the Venn diagrams, the light circles indicate retrospective recall, whereas the dark circles indicate prospectively identified childhood maltreatment.
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